Heat-related illnesses: prevention and treatment
High temperatures and humidity can put you at risk for heat-related illnesses, especially if you’re working or exercising outside.
It’s harder for our bodies to maintain a healthy internal temperature when it’s hot and humid. Our bodies usually cool down by sweating, but sweating is less effective when it’s humid.
Some people, like infants and young children, seniors, and people with chronic medical conditions, have a higher risk for developing heat-related illnesses.
Preventing heat-related illnesses
- drinking plenty of water
- staying in shaded or cool areas
- taking frequent breaks if you have to work outside
- wearing lightweight, light-coloured clothing
- avoiding leaving children, infants or pets unattended in vehicles
- checking on older neighbours and others vulnerable to heat-related illness, and offer air-conditioned shelter and water if needed
See these brochures on heat for specific at-risk groups:
Symptoms and treatment of heat-related illnesses
If recognized early and treated properly, a mild illness can be cured and prevented from progressing to something more severe. However, people might not always show symptoms before they develop a more serious illness. There are 4 kinds of heat-related illness, listed from mildest to most severe:Heat cramps
Heat cramps cause spasms of the leg and abdominal muscles. If someone experiences these cramps, they need to drink water, rest in a cool area, and gently stretch and massage the affected muscles.Heat syncope
If someone faints or almost faints, move them to a cool, shady area immediately and give them water to cool down their body temperature.Heat exhaustion
The symptoms of heat exhaustion include:- fatigue, weakness or reduced energy
- dizziness
- headache
- nausea
- rapid pulse
- heavy sweating
Heat stroke
Heat stroke is an emergency and the person must be taken to the nearest hospital. Symptoms of heat stroke include:- confusion
- disorientation
- loss of consciousness
- seizures
